Annals of the ICRP
Volume 37, Issue 1 , Pages 27-37 , March 2007

Chapter 2

2.7. References for Chapter 2 

  1. ACR (American College of Radiology) . ACR Appropriateness Criteria 2000. Radiology. 2000;215 Suppl.:1–1511
  2. Aldrich JE, Chang SD, Bilawich AM, Mayo JR. Radiation dose in abdominal computed tomography: the role of patient size and the selection of tube current. Can. Assoc. Radiol. J. 2006;57:152–158
  3. BEIR, NAS, 2006. Health risks from exposure to low levels of ionising radiations. BEIR VII Report. National Academy of Sciences. National Academy Press, Washington, DC.
  4. Bongartz, G., Golding, S.J., Jurik, A.G., et al., 2004. European Guidelines for Multislice Computed Tomography. European Commission. (also available at http://www.msct.eu/CT_Quality_Criteria.htm#Download%20the%202004%20CT%20Quality%20Criteria).
  5. Brenner D, Elliston C, Hall E, et al. Estimated risks of radiation-induced fatal cancer from paediatric CT. Am. J. Roentgenol. 2001;176:289–296
  6. Brix G, Nagel HD, Stamm G, et al. Radiation exposure in multi-slice versus single-slice spiral CT: Results of a nationwide survey. Eur. Radiol. 2003;13:1979–1991
  7. Dawson P. Patient dose in multi-slice CT: Why is it increasing and does it matter?. Br. J. Radiol. 2004;77:S10–S13
  8. EC, 2000a. European Commission. European guidelines on quality criteria for computed tomography, Report EUR 16262 EN. Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg.
  9. Giacomuzzi SM, Torbica P, Rieger M, et al. Radiation exposure in single-slice and multi-slice spiral CT (a phantom study). Roe. Fo. 2001;173:643–649German
  10. Huda, W., Mergo, P.J., 2001. How will the introduction of multi-slice CT affect patient doses? In: Radiological Protection of Patients in Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Radiotherapy. Proceedings of an International Conference held in Malaga, Spain. March 26–30, 2001. International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna.
  11. IAEA (in press). Dose reduction in CT while maintaining diagnostic confidence. IAEA-TECDOC-XXXX, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna.
  12. ICRP, 1991. 1990 Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection. ICRP Publication 60, Annals of the ICRP 21(1–3).
  13. ICRP, 2000a. Managing patient dose in computed tomography. ICRP Publication 87, Ann. ICRP 30(4).
  14. ICRP, 2000b. Avoidance of radiation injuries from interventional procedures. ICRP Publication 85, Ann. ICRP 30(2).
  15. ICRU, 2006. Patient dosimetry for X rays used in medical imaging, ICRU Report 74. International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements, Bethesda, MD, USA.
  16. IEC, 2002. Medical Electrical Equipment. Part 2-44: Particular requirements for the safety of x-ray equipment for computed tomography. IEC publication No. 60601-2-44. Ed. 2.1. International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) Central Office, Geneva, Switzerland.
  17. Imanishi Y, Fukui A, Niimi H, et al. Radiation-induced temporary hair loss as a radiation damage only occurring in patients who had the combination of MDCT and DSA. Eur. Radiol. 2005;15:41–46
  18. Kalra MK, Maher MM, Toth TL, et al. Strategies for CT radiation dose optimisation. Radiology. 2004;230:619–628
  19. Lewis MA, Edyvean S. Patient dose reduction in CT. Br. J. Radiol. 2005;27:880–883
  20. McCollough CH, Zink FE. Performance evaluation of a multi-slice CT system. Med. Phys. 1999;26:2223–2230
  21. McCollough CH, Bruesewitz MR, Kofler JM. CT dose reduction and dose management tools: Overview of available options. Radiographics. 2006;26:503–512
  22. Nagel, H.D., 2002. Radiation Exposure in Computed Tomography. Fundamentals, Influencing Parameters, Dose Assessment, Optimisation, Scanner Data Terminology. 4th revised and updated edition. CTB Publications, Hamburg.
  23. Origgi D, Vigorito S, Villa G, et al. Survey of computed tomography techniques and absorbed dose in Italian hospitals: A comparison between two methods to estimate the dose–length product and the effective dose and to verify fulfilment of the diagnostic reference levels. Eur. Radiol. 2006;16:227–237
  24. Papadimitriou D, Perris A, Manetou A, et al. A survey of 14 computed tomography scanners in Greece and 32 scanners in Italy. Examination frequencies, dose reference values, effective doses and doses to organs. Radiat. Prot. Dosim. 2003;104:47–53
  25. Paterson A, Frush DP, Donnelly LF. Helical CT of the body: Are settings adjusted for paediatric patients?. Am. J. Roentgenol. 2001;176:297–301
  26. Prokop M. General principles of MDCT. Eur. J. Radiol. 2003;45(Suppl. 1):S4–S10
  27. RCR, 2003. Making the Best Use of a Department of Clinical Radiology: Guidelines for Doctors. Ref. no. RCR(03)3. Fifth Edition. The Royal College of Radiologists, London.
  28. Rehani MM, Ortiz López P. Radiation effects in fluoroscopically guided cardiac interventions – keeping them under control (Editorial). Int. J. Cardiol. 2006;109:147–151
  29. Rogers LF. Taking care of children. Check out the parameters used for helical CT (Editorial). Am. J. Roentgenol. 2001;176:287
  30. Shrimpton, P.C., Jones, D.G., Hillier, M.C., et al., 1991. Survey of CT practice in the UK. Part 2: Dosimetric Aspects. NRPB-R249, National Radiological Protection Board, Oxon.
  31. Shrimpton, P.C., Hillier, M.C., Lewis, M.A., et al., 2005. Doses from Computed Tomography (CT) Examinations in the UK – 2003 Review. NRPB-W67. National Radiological Protection Board, Oxon.
  32. Tsapaki V, Kottou S, Papadimitriou D. Application of European Commission reference dose levels in CT examinations in Crete, Greece. Br. J. Radiol. 2001;74:836–840
  33. Tsapaki V, Aldrich JE, Sharma R, et al. Dose reduction in CT while maintaining diagnostic confidence: Diagnostic reference levels at routine head, chest, and abdominal CT – IAEA Coordinated Research Project. Radiology. 2006;240:828–834
  34. Yates SJ, Pike LC, Goldstone KE. Effect of multi-slice scanners on patient dose from routine CT examinations in East Anglia. Br. J. Radiol. 2004;77:472–478

PII: S0146-6453(07)00017-6

doi: 10.1016/j.icrp.2007.08.003

Annals of the ICRP
Volume 37, Issue 1 , Pages 27-37 , March 2007

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